The keys C major, G major, and e minor share six (out of seven) notes - c, d, e, g, a, b. The relative minor of any major key is a minor third below, the relative major of any minor key is a minor third above, and these keys have exactly the same key signature. For instance, the keys C major and a minor can be said to share all of their notes (if we take the natural minor as the basis of the minor scale, and consider the harmonic minor to be an alteration of it). The most closely related keys, measured on this basis, are the relative major and minor keys which share all seven notes. The most basic measure of the reltionship between keys is the number of notes they have in common. Of course, it may be desired for the modulation to be heard as a sudden and unexpected transition, in which case no preparation need be made, but if we wish to modulate smoothly to a distantly related key we can do this most effectively by using a series of closely related keys as stepping stones to the more distant key. Modulating between any two keys which are closely related is likely to be much less disruptive than direct modulation between any two distantly related keys. The first is the number of notes that they have in common - the more they share, the more similar they are the second is the inherent similarity of any two keys which share the same tonic note - the only two keys which share the same tonic note are parallel major and minor keys. There are two important ways to measure the distance between any two keys. The choice is the composer's, and in this section I will describe the relationships between the different tonalities and the methods used to move between them. a different tonal centre and a different tonal type, such as f minor.Ī modulation can be between closely related or a distantly related keys, and it can be articulated in a manner which either smooths this transition or which highlights it as a sudden shift.the same tonal centre, but a different tonal type, which is c minor.a different tonal centre, but the same tonal type, such as G major.This means that we can modulate from the major tonality of C to: There are two fundamental forms of modulation - between different tonal centres, and between different tonal types (major and minor tonalities).
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